Linux classic use skills 8

1, deal with special file names Suppose there is a file name in Linux system called "-ee", if we want to operate on it, for example to delete it, follow the general deletion method Enter rm -ee command on the command line, the interface will prompt us to be "invalid option" (invalid option), originally because the first character of the file name is "--", Linux uses the file name as an option. We can use the “--” symbol to solve this problem, enter the “rm -- -ee” command to successfully delete the file named “-ee”. If it is other special characters, you can add a "” symbol before the special character, or enclose the entire file name in double quotes. 2. Direct installation of Linux When installing the Linux operating system, you can use the software named "loadlin.exe" in the system CD to transfer the Linux kernel directly into the memory. The Linux kernel replaces the current operating system. Take over the computer and enter the Linux installation interface. When installing Linux, we can directly install Linux by typing "loadlin E:imagesvmlinuz root=/dev/ram initrd=E:imagesinitrd.img” in the run dialog box; where "E:imagesvmlinuz" is The core name of Linux. 3, eliminate the crash phenomenon under Xwindows We can use two common methods to eliminate this phenomenon: First, use the composite key on the keyboard "Ctrl+Alt+Backspace" to close the currently running task; second, First press and hold the “Ctrl+Alt+F2” composite key on the keyboard, let the system switch to another console, then log in to the system, and then execute the “#ps -ax/grep startx” command, which will list The process ID of your Xserver, and then enter the following command on the command line to eliminate the crash phenomenon under Xwindows: #kill -9 PID_Number, and finally return to the original platform through the <quo;Alt+F1” composite key. 4, quickly shut down the Linux system The latest version of the Linux /UNIX system draws on the technology of the mainframe, using a log-type file system that is resistant to power loss, can automatically track and save user data, automatically synchronize the file system, users can completely turn off the power In order to achieve the purpose of quickly shutting down the system. 5, clever use "ld"; rm & rdquo; command We can use the "ld" rm & rdquo; parameter to delete a non-empty directory, for example, we enter the command line in the command line, rm - r bbb & rdquo; Indicates that the system will delete all files and subdirectories contained in the bbb directory. 6, clever use of "Tab" rdquo; You know that when you enter the command in the Linux character interface, sometimes you need to enter a lot of characters, if you often enter characters one by one, it is more troublesome. Assuming that the character typed is enough to determine a unique file in the directory, we can simply fill in the rest of the file name by pressing the “Tab” key on the keyboard, for example, to put the file under the directory /ccc&ldquo ;ddddddd-1.2.3.tar.gz” When unpacking, when we type in the command line to “tar xvfz /ccc/d”, if the file is the only file in the directory that starts with “d” If you can directly press the "Tab" key, the command will be automatically added to: tar xvfz /ccc/ddddddd-1.2.3.tar.gz, which improves the input efficiency. 7, use the mouse to copy and paste to improve the speed of operation After the Linux system is installed, each time you start to the character interface, it will automatically run a program called "gpm", the program can be copied and pasted with the mouse. The specific method is to hold down the left mouse button and drag to make the place to be copied highlighted. At this time, the highlighted area has been copied, and then the content copied by the right mouse button will be pasted at the cursor position. If we are running a Linux system under Xwindow, the copy and paste operations are the same as under Windows 9x. 8, quickly start the Linux system Under DOS, there is a simple and quick way to start Linux, that is load Linux. Loadlin.exe is an executable program under DOS. It can start Linux quickly in a pure DOS environment without restarting the computer. Usually we can find this program in the directory of the CD-ROM/"/kernels”. If you don't know where this program is placed on the installation disk, you can use the “find -name loadlin*” command to find it. Once you find it, copy it to the DOS partition and copy the Linux kernel file you are using. You can copy directly from the CD through Windows, or copy the file to the DOS partition using the “mcopy” command in the Linux environment; then write a batch file named “Linux.bat”; the file contents are as follows: c: Loadlin c:vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1 ro (we assume that the two kernel files loadlin.exe and vmlinuz are in the root directory of the c drive, "root"; root is the root device of Linux, and Linux is in the first partition of the hard disk. So the device name is “/dev/hda1”,“ro” means readonly). Later, when you want to start Linux under DOS, run “Linux.bat”