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Linux software installation introduction

The friend who just switched from windows to linux environment has the most headache problem with Linux software installation. The variety of installation methods and software package format is really a bit crazy, I used to be the same ^_^. Therefore, the author summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of windows and linux software installation and the basic methods of software installation under linux, for your reference.

First, the traditional window software is generally packaged into an executable installation file, which includes various configuration files, dll dynamic link library and main and sub-programs. The shortcomings of this method are obvious:

There is no unified installer API interface, and the installation procedures are various. This will not be able to see the source of a file, which is why the slower the use of windows, the result of a large number of junk files stacked

The size of the installer is often large. Because it is necessary to include many dll library files, the installation file itself is also a large program ^_^ (a bit of a loop)

Programmer door development of various installation procedures also take a lot of brains (I have been I don't know how to make an installer. I only have to make a green version =_=!)

It is because of the above defects that Microsoft developed the MSI format installation package. Works with linux packages similar. But there is still the shortcoming mentioned in the second point above, that is, the library file cannot be processed.

Second, the Windows program still has a problem is that the installation program will often put executable programs, library files, and configuration files, data, etc. into a folder. The contents of the folder are confusing, and it is difficult to find something that is difficult to die ^_^.

Speaking of a lot of shortcomings of the window program, the protagonist Linux debut. In fact, from the author's own experience, the biggest reason for your fear of Linux software installation may be that Linux will install the program to multiple folders, friends who have just contacted Linux may be at a loss, do not know from where to find just installed Linux program. Don't worry about this, just remember a few folders and their functions, you won't be at a loss ^_^.

When the linux software is installed, it will usually copy the executable file to /usr/bin, save the library file in /usr/lib, /usr/share/doc/$package /Help file in /. At this time, someone will ask. If the files are placed in different places, isn't it troublesome to uninstall? ! Don't worry, the installer management system keeps track of the location of these files and the dependencies between them. When you no longer need this program, you can call the uninstall command.

Three, there are two mainstream installation package formats in linux, respectively used in the class red hat and class debain system.

1. Comparison table of common installation commands of the two installation packages

Debian Red Hat Introduction dpkg -Gi package(s).deb rpm -Uvh packages(s).rpm Installation, upgrade Program dpkg -r package rpm -e package uninstaller dpkg -l ‘*spell*’ rpm -qa ‘*spell*’ check syntax dpkg -l package rpm -q package show program version dpkg -s package rpm - q -i package Displays the metadata of all installation packages dpkg -I package.deb rpm -q -i -p package.rpm Displays the metadata of the files in the installation package dpkg -S /path/file rpm -q -f /path/File View which installation package the file belongs to dpkg -L package rpm -q -l package View the location where the program is installed dpkg -c package.deb rpm -q -l -p package.rpm View the location where the program will be installed dpkg -x package.deb rpm2cpio package.rpm