System administrators give advice to new Linux/Unix people

I have been working as a Windows/linux/unix system engineer for many years. I have also worked as a project implementation engineer for a long time. I have maintained and constructed large advertising websites, commercial websites and securities websites. I feel that I am familiar with linux/unix. So, the rules of this profession are a bit of a treat. In addition, Fuqin Brewing has the honor to serve RHCE for a period of time. It is found that many students are confused about why they are learning Linux during the teaching process, let alone any career planning. During my work and study, I also met a lot of people who love to learn, but found that they have gone into misunderstandings in the process of learning, and wasted a lot of energy; the purpose of writing this article is to explain linux/The current status of Unix's work helps students to get out of the misunderstanding of learning, hoping to play a role in attracting jade. According to the situation of the students who have been tracked by colleagues for many years, we found that after learning Linux under the same conditions, students choose to develop more quickly than the system application salary, and it is easier to break through the monthly threshold of 5000, 8000 or 10000; but this The direction will be more difficult, and it will be more boring, requiring perseverance and body, and more interest. How to get started and how to plan your own Linux learning path has always been a big problem for Linux enthusiasts. In fact, Linux entry and learning is not difficult, just because of the long-term use of other operating system
There is no correct guidance, so a problem that is not a problem in itself becomes a problem. I want to ask a question here: Why should companies use linux, why use Unix? Many students will say that Linux/unix is ​​better and more stable, but it is not. Why companies use them is in fact to save costs and create value. The software investment and service investment of the server operating system is quite a large amount of money, which is one of the reasons why the open source free CentOS and FreeBSD are becoming more and more popular. Let's talk about the hardware load balancer. I said that the F5, which is most familiar to everyone, has a performance of 170,000. The better the performance, the higher the price. However, in many cases, the Linux cluster environment required by many enterprises is not too big. It can be replaced by open source free software, such as LVS and Nginx. These softwares are generally deployed on Linux. One of the reasons for the popularity. Also, don't just learn the Linux system itself. Linux is just an operating system. What matters is the application on it, which is how much value you can create. One of the misunderstandings of learning Linux is that energy is limited to Linux itself. From Linux operation to Linux kernel, it doesn't matter what you want to do; but the system is used after all. Learning to use Linux is to create benefits, if not Just making a Linux system, not a professional Linux distribution vendor like Red Hat, then you have mastered the Linux infrastructure and you have the same Windows
, obviously it is not enough, you still need more Further study: choose an application on Linux, or software development on Linux, and of course the database direction. Below I will elaborate on these three aspects: a) Linux system, network, service, cluster, website, network application direction: 1, Web application server, such as Sina, Baidu and other large websites 2, Mail application server, such as 163 or Foreign enterprise mail system, etc. 3, middleware or J2EE server, such as JBOSS Weblogic platform 4, network applications. b) Embedded development, UNIX/Linux application system development, Linux kernel driver development direction, mainly the following categories: 1, C /C + + system program development under Linux 2, Linux platform Java system development and PHP
Development 3, graphical interface development under Linux 4, Linux underlying kernel/driver development 5, embedded Linux development, etc. c) Database under Linux, such as SQL Server and DB2 under Mysql, Oracle and Windows. The importance of the database is not repeated, and the role of the DBA is very important: in the salary of technical jobs, the director is DBA. The 51CTO also has a dedicated database channel, and the editors recommend it here. The above is the three directions of Linux/unix development. Everyone can be biased in their work and study. The three majors are proficient in one. Note that what I am talking about here is proficiency, not just familiarity. According to geographical division, the operation of Linux/unix system operation and maintenance is suitable for Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou. The development is more suitable for Hangzhou and Nanjing. Speaking of it, I live in Wuhan, Linux/unix applications are relatively few, and its system operation and maintenance work is really difficult to find. When I returned to Wuhan in 2009, I finally found a headhunting friend in a foreign company to find a system admin. Positions; and many mature open source technologies such as LVS and CDN in Beijing and Shanghai are basically invisible in Wuhan, and it is very regrettable. What I want to say here is: If you are a beginner Linux/unix, it is recommended to use RHEL/CentOS as the mainstay. Try not to think about the treatment problem when you are looking for a job. In your work practice, try to be familiar with the shell and some basic network applications. The configuration environment of the intranet development server must be familiar; if you have the opportunity to go out and do the project, you must work hard, because this is the fastest and best time to grow. In addition, whether it is during study or construction, the relevant environmental configuration must be documented and written as detailed and perfect, so that it is very helpful to improve the technology or to communicate with colleagues; if there is no opportunity for external projects You can write a technical blog to record your own learning process in detail. If you are interested, please refer to Tian Yi's blog and recommend learning. If you want to further improve your own level, it is recommended to have more forums related to linux/unix, and communicate with some peers or technical tycoons, so it is also very fast. If you are a senior linux/unix system administrator, it is recommended to leave the system level and develop to the network architect. Network architecture is an art life, and sometimes system performance is the ability of a website architect. Usually, this position is handled by the company's technical director. It requires the technical director to have a good understanding of the system, procedures, network and database. This is also the current direction of Fuqin cooking. For a long time, I hope that this article will help the majority of Linux newcomers and system administrators. Finally, I wish you all a happy job!