Linux must learn 60 commands Daquan

Linux provides a large number of commands, it can effectively do a lot of work, such as disk operations, file access, directory operations, process management, file permissions settings. Therefore, working on a Linux system is inseparable from using the commands provided by the system. To truly understand Linux systems,

must learn from Linux commands and learn more about Linux systems through basic command learning.

The number of commands for different Linux distributions is different, but there are more than 200 commands for Linux distributions. Here, the author divides the more important and frequently used commands into the following six parts according to their role in the system.

◆Installation and login commands: login, shutdown, halt, reboot, install, mount, umount, chsh, exit, last;

◆ File processing commands: file, mkdir, grep, dd , find, mv, ls, diff, cat, ln;

◆ system management related commands: df, top, free, quota, at, lp, adduser, groupadd, kill, crontab;

◆ Network operation commands: ifconfig, ip, ping, netstat, telnet, ftp, route, rlogin, rcp, finger, mail, nslookup;

◆ System security related commands: passwd, su, umask, chgrp, Chmod, chown, chattr, sudops, who;

◆ Other commands: tar, unzip, gunzip, unarj, mtools, man, unendcode, uudecode.

This article uses MandrakeLinux9.1 (Kenrel2.4.21) as an example to introduce the installation and login commands under Linux.

immortality press: Please use ctrl+f to find the content of a certain part or the usage of a certain command on this page.

Linux must learn 60 commands (1) - installation and login commands

login

1. role

login is the role of the login system, Its usage rights are for all users.

2.Format

login[name][-p][-hhostname]

3. Main parameters

-p: notification login Maintain current environmental parameters.

-h: Used to transfer usernames between remote logins.

If you choose to log in to Linux with command line mode, then the first Linux command you see is login:.

The general interface is this:

ManddrakeLinuxrelease9.1(Bamboo)fori586

renrel2.4.21-0.13mdkoni686/tty1

localhostlogin:root

password:

In the above code, the first line is the Linux distribution number, the second line is the kernel version number and the login virtual console. We enter the login name in the third line, press &ldquo ;Enter” key Enter the account password after Password to log in to the system. For security reasons, characters are not echoed on the screen when the account password is entered, and the cursor does not move.

After logging in, you will see the following interface (take superuser as an example):

[root@localhostroot]#

lastlogin:Tue,Nov1810:00:55onvc/1

The above shows the login week, month, day, time, and virtual console used.

4. Application Tips

Linux

is a true multi-user operating system that can accept multiple users to log in at the same time, and allows one user to log in multiple times. This is because Linux, like many versions of Unix, provides a

access mode for the virtual console, allowing users to access the console at the same time (the system's console is the monitor and keyboard directly connected to the system) Make multiple logins. Each virtual console can be thought of as a separate workstation that can be switched between workbenches

. The virtual console can be switched by pressing the Alt key and a function key, usually using F1-F6.

For example, after the user logs in, click the <quo;Alt+

F2” key, and the user will see the “login:” prompt that appears above, indicating that the user has seen the second Virtual consoles. Then just press the <;lt+

F1” key to go back to the first virtual console. A newly installed Linux system allows users to access the first six virtual consoles using the <Alt+F1” to “Alt+F6” keys. Virtual control