Teaching: Help you easily get the software installation of Linux system

To get the most out of your computer, you have to have a lot of application software to do different things. The ideas and methods for installing various application software in the Windows environment must be familiar to everyone.
However, when using Linux, it will always be plagued by the following problems:

How to install the application software?

Where is my software installed?

How do I remove unwanted applications?

......

Below, let's take a look at these issues.

First, parse Linux application software installation package:

There are usually three installation packages for Linux application software:

1) tar package, such as software-1.2.3-1 .tar.gz. It is packaged using the packaging tool tar of the UNIX system.

2) rpm package, such as software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm. It is a package encapsulation format provided by Redhat Linux.

3) dpkg package, such as software-1.2.3-1.deb. It is a package encapsulation format provided by Debain Linux.

Moreover, most Linux application packages have a certain naming convention, which follows:

Name-Version-Revision-Type

For example:

1) software-1.2.3-1.tar.gz means:

Software Name: software

Version: 1.2.3

Revision: 1

Type: tar.gz, the description is a tarball.

2) sfotware-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm

Software Name: software

Version: 1.2.3

Revision: 1

Available platforms: i386 for Intel 80x86 platforms.

Type: rpm, the description is a rpm package.

Note: Since the rpm format is usually a compiled program, you need to specify the platform. It will be explained in detail later.

And software-1.2.3-1.deb will not have to say it! Let's practice it yourself.

Second, understand the contents of the package:

A Linux application package can contain two different contents:

1) One is the executable file , that is, after unpacking the package, you can run it directly. All packages in Windows are of this type. After installing this program, you can use it, but you can't see the source program. And when downloading, pay attention to whether this software is the platform you use, otherwise it will not be installed properly.

2) The other is the source program, after you unpack the package, you also need to use the compiler to compile it into an executable file. This is almost non-existent in Windows systems, because the idea of ​​Windows is not open source.

Usually, packaged with tar, are source programs; and rpm, dpkg package is often an executable program. In general, it is more flexible to compile the source program yourself, but it is also easy to encounter various problems and difficulties. Relatively speaking, downloading those executable packages makes it easier to install the software. Of course, the flexibility is much worse. So generally a software will always provide a variety of packaged format installers. You can choose according to your own situation.

Third, get the application software packaged with tar

1. Installation:

The whole installation process can be divided into the following steps:

1) Application software: obtained by downloading and purchasing CDs;

2) Decompressing files: Generally, tarballs will be compressed once again, such as gzip, bz2, etc., so you need to extract them first. If it is the most common gz format, you can execute: "tar –xvzf package name", you can complete the decompression and unpacking work in one step. If not, first use the decompression software, then execute the "tar-xvf decompressed tarball" to unpack;

3) Read the attached INSTALL file, README file;

4) Execute the "./configure" command to prepare for compilation;

5) Execute the "make" command to compile the software;

6) Execute "make install" to complete the installation;

7) Execute "make clean" to delete the temporary files generated during the installation.

Ok, now you're done. We can run the application. But at this time, some readers will ask, how can I implement it? This is also a Linux feature. In fact, in general, the executable files of Linux applications will be stored in the /usr/local/bin directory! However, this is not the truth of "everything is universal." The most reliable thing is to look at the INSTALL and README files of this software.

2. Uninstalling:

Usually software developers rarely consider how to uninstall their own software, and tar only completes the packaging work, so it does not provide a good uninstall method.

Then, if you say it, you can't uninstall it! In fact, it is not, there are two software to solve this problem, that is Kinstall and Kife, they are the golden partner of tar package installation and uninstallation. Their use, I will introduce the article separately. I won't go into details here.

Fourth, get the application software packaged with rpm

rpm can be described as a major contribution of Redhat, it makes Linux software installation work easier and easier.

1. Installation:

I can finish it with a simple sentence. Execution:

rpm –ivh rpm package name

More advanced, please see the following table:

rpm parameter parameter description
-i installation software
-t Test installation, not true installation
-p Display installation progress
-f Ignore any errors
-U Upgrade installation
-v Check if the package is installed correctly

These parameters can be used simultaneously. More content can refer to the RPM command help.

2. Uninstall:

I can just say a simple sentence. Execution:

rpm –e Software Name

However, it should be noted that the software name is used instead of the package name. For example, to install the software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm package, you should execute:

rpm –ivh software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm

When uninstalling, you should execute:

rpm –e software.

In addition, graphical RPM tools like GnoRPM and kpackage are also available in Linux, making the whole process much simpler. The specific application of these software, the author will introduce another article.

Five, get the application packaged with deb

This is a package manager provided by Debian Linux, it is very similar to RPM. However, because RPM appears earlier, it is common in all versions of Linux. The debian package manager dpkg only appears in Debina Linux, and other Linux versions generally do not. We will briefly explain here:

1. Installation

dpkg –i deb package name

For example: dpkg –i software-1.2.3-1. Deb

2. Uninstall

dpkg –e Software Name

For example: dpkg –e software