Windows2000 system XP system startup process detailed

Windows2000/XP is an excellent operating system. It is powerful, secure and stable, and is favored by computer users. But in the process of use, we obviously feel that its startup time is much longer than Windows98, and it can test people's patience better than Windows98. Then, in this time of unbearable but unbearable time, what kind of work does the system do? Don't worry, let's take it slowly, and see why it is so fast.

On an Intel-based computer, the Windows 2000/XP startup process can be roughly divided into five steps: pre-boot, boot, load the kernel, initialize the kernel, and log in to the user. The following is a separate introduction:

A. Pre-boot

First, the computer is powered on for self-test, and the BIOS (that is, the basic input and output system) completes the basic hardware configuration, and then Read the MBR (Master Boot Record) of the hard disk to check the hard disk partition table to determine the boot partition, and load the operating system boot sector on the boot partition into memory execution, where the NTLDR (Operating System Loader) file is executed.

* Windows 2000/XP supports multiple boot. It will first save the existing operating system boot sectors as BOOTSECT.DOS files (located under the active partition root directory) and modify the system boot sector so that the NTLDR file can be loaded at system startup to achieve multiple boot. the goal of. Windows98 does not have this feature, so if you install Windows2000/XP and then install Windows98, it will destroy the boot record of Windows2000/XP, and 2000/XP will not start.

II. Startup

1. Initialize, NTLDR will convert the processor from real mode to 32-bit protected mode.

2. Read the BOOT.INI file. The file is located in the root directory of the active partition. Its role is to make the system select the menu during the startup process, and the user selects the operating system that you want to start. If you choose to start Windows2000/XP, NTLDR will continue to boot the following process; if you choose to non-Windows2000/XP system, NTLDR will read the system boot sector copy BOTSECT.DOS and boot into the corresponding system.

* Where [BOOT LOADER] is the operating system loader, which specifies the default wait time for the system selection menu and the default boot operating system. It can be modified manually or modified in the control panel. For safety reasons, it is recommended to modify it in the control panel. You can change the settings by selecting Control Panel -> System -> Advanced -> Startup and Recovery. (There is another way to run msconfig (system configuration utility) in Windows XP.

[OPERATING SYSTEMS] section specifies the list of operating systems. The part enclosed by double quotes is what the list displays. Can be modified to make it more personalized.

* A statement in the form of MULTI(0)DISK(0)RDISK(0)PARTITION(1) is called ARC path, and its format is: MULTI()—— specifies the disk controller (if it is a SCSI controller, it should be replaced with SCSI()); DISK()—— specifies the SCSI device number (the value is always 0 for MULTI) ;RDISK()—— specifies the IDE device number (for SCSI, which is ignored here); PARTITION()—— specifies the partition number. Except for the partition number starting from 1, all other numbers start from 0.

Parameter/FASTDETECT means disable serial mouse detection, which is the system default. There are several common parameters: MAXMEM—— specify the available memory capacity of Windows2000/XP; BASEVIDEO—— use standard VGA display driver; NOGUIBOOT&mdash ;— does not display the graphics screen during startup; SOS—&mdash ; The device driver is loaded with its name when it is loaded.

* The Chinese font in the operating system selection menu is provided by the BOOTFONT.BIN file located in the root of the active partition.

3.System loading NTDETECT.COM file. It is used to detect machine hardware, such as parallel port, display adapter, etc., and return the collected hardware list to NTLDR for later registration and save in the registry.

4.If Windows2000 /XP has multiple hardware configuration files, the selection menu will appear, waiting for the user to determine the hardware configuration file to use, otherwise skip this step and enable the default configuration.

* Hardware configuration file means save System files for computer-specific hardware configuration. Multiple different hardware configuration files can be created to satisfy the computer's application in different occasions. Windows 7 system download can be modified by selecting Control Panel -> System -> Hardware -> Hardware Configuration File. Br>

III.Loading the Kernel

The boot process begins loading the Windows 2000/XP kernel NTOSKRNL.EXE. This file is located in the SYSTEM32 folder under the Windows2000/XP installation folder. Subsequently, the hardware abstraction layer (HAL) is loaded by the boot process to complete this step.

* Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL): hides the hardware interface details of a specific platform, provides a virtual hardware platform for the operating system, makes it hardware-independent, and can be ported on multiple platforms.

IV. Initialize the kernel

The kernel completes initialization, NTLDR transfers control to the Windows2000/XP kernel, which starts loading and initializing device drivers, and starts WIN32. System and WINDOWS2000/XP services.

V. User Login

Start the login process. Start WINLOGON.EXE by the WIN32 subsystem and start LOCAL SECURITY AUTHORITY (LSASS.EXE) to display the login dialog. After the user logs in, WINDOWS2000/XP will continue to configure the network device and user environment. Finally, with the voice of Microsoft and the personalized desktop we are familiar with, the long startup process of WINDOWS2000/XP is finally completed. Oh, is it asleep, wake up, the system starts successfully, what should you do now!

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