Multi-system installation common problem integration

I often see friends asking questions about multi-system installation, I feel it is necessary to write something, here are some of the questions that netizens often ask, I hope you can have a sudden realization after reading a feeling of. Due to the limited level, there may be some things that are relatively one-sided, and please correct me.
One, Windows (98, 2000, XP) part
1, Q: I have a new hard disk, I plan to install Windows98 and Windows XP dual operating system, how should I partition and install it?
A: It is relatively easy to install multiple operating systems on a new hard disk, which can save the trouble of re-adjusting the partition. According to the actual situation, you can consider 98 installed in the C drive, XP installed in the D drive, which C drive is not too big, generally 1~2G on the line, if 98 is not intended to run any large program, 500~600M is enough Relatively speaking, the D disk can be left larger, generally around 5G. If the space is not enough, consider reducing it, but at least ensure that there is 2G space. The first step is to install 98 on the C drive, then run the XP installer in 98, select the new installation, and make the installation location for the D drive. After the XP installation is completed, the system will automatically generate an on-screen menu for you to select the operating system you want to boot. The installation method for Win98 and Win2000 dual operating systems is the same as this example.
2. Q: I originally installed Win98 on my machine. I want to install Win XP now. Is it necessary to keep 98? What kind of installation method should I choose?
A: Install XP under 98 There are two types of installations to choose from. One is an upgraded installation, that is, only the existing operating system is upgraded. After the installation is complete, there is only one operating system on the machine; one is a new installation, and there are two operating systems on the machine after the installation is completed. . For the hard disk space is not very nervous friends, it is recommended to choose a new installation, because this can retain 98, in case of XP problems, it can also be emergency, I think this is better than any emergency tools, after all, it is a The complete operating system, and the space occupied is very small (a 98 system only two or three hundred megabytes, and an XP system backup file has more than three hundred megabytes).
3, Q: Install Win98 and WinXP (Win2000) dual operating system, what kind of file system should I choose for my partition?
A: For the 98 partition, generally use the Fat32 file system. For XP or 2000 partitions, there are generally two options, Fat32 and NTFS. The specific choice depends on the actual situation. If the 98 system is used frequently, the Fat32 format is used, because the NTFS format partition is not recognized under 98. If the 98 system is only used in rare cases, it is recommended to convert the XP partition to NTFS format, because NTFS is more advantageous than Fat32 under XP and 2000.
4, Q: Boot.ini will be mentioned when installing multiple operating systems, can you briefly introduce this file?
A: boot.ini is a text file containing the information needed to complete the boot process, user It can be edited in any text editor, usually at the root of the active partition (eg C:\\). The screen menu content that we mentioned earlier after the XP installation is completed is determined by it, but the role of boot.ini is not only to provide the user with menu options, this file is an important mechanism to control the boot process of the operating system.
The following is an example of a 98 and XP dual operating system boot.ini:

[boot loader]timeout=3default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(4)\\WINDOWS [operating systems]multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(4)\\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetectC:\\="Microsoft Windows" There are two parts: Part 1 [boot The loader] contains the timeout rules and the default path of the operating system; the second part [operating systems] contains the path of the operating system installed on the computer, where multi(0) is the sequence number of the adapter, and disk(0) is the disk parameter. Information, rdisk (0) is the sequence number of the disk connected to the adapter, partition (4) is the partition number, the partition item is generally determined by the location of the XP installation, if it is installed in the C drive, it should be partition (1). 
For modifying the default operating system and counting down the length of the seconds, you can enable "Startup and Recovery" under 2000 or XP (right click "My Computer", switch to "Advanced" The tab, which is there, is done without having to edit the boot.ini file directly. 
Second, Windows and Linux
5, Q: I plan to install Win98, WinXP, Linux three operating systems on a new hard disk, how should I do it?
A: The steps are as follows:
 (1) Partition. In addition to the one mentioned in question 1 for each of 98 and XP, an empty partition is reserved for Linux. The size is determined by the size of the hard disk space and the use of linux. If you plan to run a large number of programs, you can pre- Keep a little bigger, if you only want to learn, you can leave it smaller, but if you are installing Red Hat Linux 7.0 or above, it is best not to leave less than 2G.
(2) Installation. First install 98 on the C drive, then install XP on the D drive, and finally start with the Linux installation disk, install Linux. Pay attention to choose the default operating system when installing Linux. If you use Windows frequently, choose Dos as the default, otherwise choose Linux. .
(3) Start. After all three systems are installed and restarted, you will encounter two screen menus to choose from. The first one is the Linux lilo menu. The choice is to enter Linux or Windows. The second is the boot.ini control mentioned earlier. The menu, choose to enter 98 or into XP. 
 6, Q: I have already installed Win98 and Linux on my computer, now I want to install Win XP, what should I do?
A: Very simple As long as you have a Linux boot disk on hand (usually Linux will prompt you to make the installation, if you have not made or lost, you can use the Linux installation CD to do one more). The steps are as follows: 
(1) Enter 98, install XP (new installation), after installation, you will find that the original Linux lilo screen menu is gone, it does not matter, proceed to the second step. 
(2) Start with the Linux boot disk, log in to Linux as root, run the lilo command again, restart the computer, see, is the lilo menu back? The problem is solved:)
7, Q: I The computer has been installed with Win2000, the C drive with 2000 is in NTFS format, and the other disk is in Fat32 format. Later, I installed Red Had 7.1. After installing it, Linux can go in. Windows can't enter. What is the matter? How to solve it?
A: First of all, I would like to introduce the naming rules of Linux system devices. In Linux, the naming methods for various devices and partitions are completely different from those of Dos, floppy drives, hard disks, and hard disk partitions. For example: 
 /dev/hda represents the first IDE hard disk ( The whole /dev/hda1 indicates the first primary partition of the first hard disk /dev/hda2 indicates the second primary partition of the first hard disk /dev/hda3 indicates that the extended partition of the first hard disk /dev/hda5 indicates the first The first logical partition of a hard disk /dev/hda6 indicates that the second logical partition of the first hard disk /dev/hdb represents the second hard disk (whole) where hda1 corresponds to the C disk in Windows, and hda5 generally corresponds D disk of Windows. In the Linux installation, the installer will automatically find the partition where the Windows operating system is located, because here we set the C drive to NTFS format. Some Linux installers do not recognize this format, and use other fat32 format disks as windows. Start the disk, this should be the case here. 
The solution is also very simple, just log in to Linux as root, use a text editor to open lilo.conf in the /etc directory, find 
other=/dev/hda5
optional
label =dos
This section, change hda5 (may also hda6 or other) to hda1, save the disk, then run the lilo command again, restart, the problem should be solved. 
 8, Q: My machine was originally installed in the C disk win98, D disk installed win XP, and later in order to install linux, I used the partition magician to separate two areas from the C disk, but when linux After loading, win xp can not enter, suggesting that the hal.dll file can not be found, what is the matter? 
 A: The reason is in the boot.ini file. As mentioned in question 4, the partition indicates the partition number. The original partition number of the xp is 2 (D drive) when the two zones are not separated from the C drive. After repartitioning, the partition number of XP should be 4. , but the boot.ini file will not be automatically changed, so when booting XP, the boot program still runs to the second partition to find the hal.dll file. At this time, the second partition is already a linux file. Of course, the prompt will not be found, so XP can not be started. The solution is very simple, just change the partition(2) in boot.ini to partition(4). 
9. Q: Can I read and write files in the Dos partition in Linux? What should I do?
A: You can read and write Fat32 format files in Linux, but only NTFS format files. Can't write. The method and the usual linux file system are loaded the same. For example, I want to read the contents of the D drive on my machine in Linux. What I have to do is run the following command to load the file system of the D drive: 
[root@localhost /root]# mkdir /mnt/d[root@localhost /root]# mount -t msdos /dev/hda5 /mnt/d/[root@localhost /root]# mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/d/(Load Fat32)[root@ Localhost /root]# mount -t ntfs /dev/hda5 /mnt/d/(load NTFS) So when you access the d directory under /mnt, it is the content on your d drive. 
An even easier way is to add the following line to the fstab file in the /etc directory (provided that /mnt/d exists):
/dev/hda5 /mnt/d msdos defaults 0 0< Br> So as soon as you start Linux, the system will automatically load the file system on hda5, we can directly see the contents of the d disk by clicking /mnt/d. 
The above is some of my experience with multi-system installation problems. Everyone thinks that there are some aspects that are written in a relatively one-sided way. You can come up with your experience and write it on the comments. Let everyone know a better solution.