Several commands about windows in windows

1.Ping

Applicable Environment: WIN95/98/2000/NT

Format: ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size]

Parameter Description:

-t Let the host where the user is located send data to the target host

-a Display the network address of the target host in IP address format

-n count specifies how many times to ping, the specific number is specified by the following count

-l size specifies the size of the packet sent to the target host

Main function: used The time required to test one frame of data from one host to another is used to determine the primary response time.

Detailed introduction:

This command is mainly used to check whether the route can be reached. Because the command packet length is very small, it is very fast on the Internet and can detect you quickly. Whether the site to be reached is reachable or not, you can run this command first to see if the site is reachable when you go to a certain site. If the ping is unsuccessful, you can predict whether the fault occurs in the following aspects: whether the network cable is connected, whether the network adapter is configured correctly, whether the IP address is available, etc.; if the ping succeeds and the network is still unavailable, the problem is likely to be in the network. In terms of software configuration of the system, Ping successfully can only ensure that there is a connected physical path between the current host and the destination host. Its format is to type: Ping IP address or host name at the command prompt, and the execution result shows the response time. Repeat this command, you can find that the response time of the Ping report is different. After the specific ping command, you can also follow a lot of parameters. You can type ping and press Enter to have a detailed description.

Example:

When we want to visit a site such as www.chinayancheng.net, we can use the Ping program to test how fast the site is currently connected. First, on the Windows 9x system, click the “Start” button and select the Run command. Then enter Ping and the URL to be tested by the user in the Run dialog box, for example, ping www.chinayan-cheng.net, then the program It will send a 32-byte message to the primary server of the specified web address, and then it will record the response time of the server. The ping program will show the user the results of 4 tests. A response time of less than 300 milliseconds can be considered normal, and a time of more than 400 milliseconds is slower. The message "Request time out" appears to mean that the URL did not respond within 1 second, indicating that the server did not respond to the Ping configuration or the URL response was extremely slow. If you see 4 "Request to pause" information, the URL refuses to ping. Because too many ping tests themselves create bottlenecks, many web administrators don't let the server accept this test. If the URL is busy or slow for other reasons, such as lack of hardware power, the data channel is relatively narrow, and you can try again after a while to determine if the URL is really faulty. If there are problems with multiple tests, it can be considered that the user's host and the URL site are not connected, and the user should contact the Internet service provider or network administrator in time.

2.winipcfg

Applicable Environment: WIN95/98/2000

Format: winipcfg [/?] [/all]

Parameter Description:

/? Show the English description of the format and parameters of winipcfg

/all Display all configuration information about IP address

Main function: Display the IP of the host where the user is located Protocol configuration information

Detailed introduction:

The winipcfg program uses the windows window to display the specific configuration information of the IP protocol. If the winipcfg command does not run directly with any parameters, the program will be in The window displays the physical address of the network adapter, the IP address of the host, the subnet mask, and the default gateway. You can also view related information such as host name, DNS server, and node type. The physical address of the network adapter is useful when detecting network errors. Type winipcfg/at the command prompt? You can get help with winipcfg. Type winipcfg/all to get all the properties of the IP configuration.

Example:

If we want to quickly understand the specific configuration of a host's IP protocol, you can use the winipcfg command to detect. The specific steps are as follows: In the “Run” dialog box, directly enter the winipcfg command, and then press the Enter key, we will see an interface. In this interface, we know that the current computer is the 3COM type network card. The physical address of the network card is 00-60-08-07-95-14, and the IP address of the host is 210.73.140.13. The code is 255.255.255.192, and the address of the router is 210.73.140.1. If the user wants to know more about the other IP protocol configuration information of the host, such as the DNS server and DHCP server, you can directly click the &ldquo in the interface. ;Details” button.

3.tracert

Applicable Environment: WIN95/98/2000/NT

Format: tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host_list] [ ,null,null,3],-w timeout]

Parameter Description:

-d Does not resolve the name of the target host

-h maximum_hops Specifies the maximum number of hops to search for the destination address

-j host_list Release source route according to the address in the host list

-w timeout Specify the timeout interval, the default time unit of the program is milliseconds

Main function: Determine the packet arrives at the destination host The path that passes, shows the list of relay nodes through which the packet passes, and the time of arrival.

Detailed introduction:

This application is mainly used to display the path that the packet passes through to the destination host. The format of the command is to type the following command at the DOS command prompt or directly in the run dialog: tracert host IP address or host name. The execution result returns a list of relays that the packet experienced before reaching the destination host and shows the time of arrival at each relay station. This function is similar to the ping command, but the information it sees is much more detailed than the ping command. It tells you all the routes that you sent out to the request packet of a certain site, and the ip through the route. What is the delay of the ip? After the specific tracert command, you can also follow a lot of parameters. You can type tracert and press Enter. There will be a detailed description.

Example:

If you want to know the detailed transmission path information between your computer and the target host, you can use the tracert command to check it. The specific steps are as follows: In the “Run” dialog box, directly enter the tracert [url]www.chinayancheng.net command, then click the Enter key, we will see an interface; of course, everyone can also In the MS-DOS mode, enter the tracert www.chinayancheng.net command, and you can also see the result screen. In this screen, we can track the path information connected to the target website www.chinayancheng.net in great detail, such as how many times of information transfer in the middle of the journey, how long it takes each time a transit station passes, through which we It is convenient to find out exactly where the line between the user's host and the target website has failed. If we add some parameters after the tracert command, we can detect other more detailed information. For example, using the parameter -d, you can specify the program to track the host's path information and also resolve the target host's domain name.

4.netstat

Applicable Environment: WIN95/98/2000/NT

Format: netstat [-r] [-s] [-n] [-a ]

Parameter Description:

-r Display the contents of the local routing label

-s Display the usage status of each protocol (including TCP protocol, UDP protocol, IP protocol)

-n Display addresses and ports in a numeric table

-a Display port numbers for all hosts

Main features: This command allows the user to know that their host is How to connect to the Internet.

Detailed introduction:

The netstat program helps us understand the overall usage of the network. It can display details of currently active network connections, such as display network connections, routing tables, and network interface information, to let users know which network connections are currently running. Can we use netstat/? The command to view the format of the command and the detailed parameter description, the format of the command is at the DOS command prompt or directly in the run dialog box type the following command: netstat [parameter], using the parameter function provided by the program We can understand other functional information of the command, such as displaying Ethernet statistics, showing the usage status of all protocols, including TCP, UDP, and IP protocols. In addition, you can select a specific protocol and view its specifics. The information can also be used to display the port number of all hosts and the detailed routing information of the current host.

Example:

If we want to know the export address, gateway address and host address of the Yancheng Information Network Center node, you can use the netstat command to query. The specific operation method is as follows: In the “Run” dialog box, directly enter the netstat command, and then click the Enter key, we will see an interface; of course, you can also enter the netstat command in MS-DOS mode. . In the interface, we can know the type of protocol used by the host where the user is located, the IP address of the current host and the remote connected host, and the connection status between them.